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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Application

ISSN: 3048-6807

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Investigating natural fibers as pollutants filtration materials for exhaust gases

Author(s):Rachit Saboo1, Amey Chavan2

Affiliation: 1Jamnabai Narsee School Mumbai, India

Page No: 78-88

Volume issue & Publishing Year: Volume 2 Issue 12 , Dec-2025

Journal: International Journal of Advanced Engineering Application (IJAEA)

ISSN NO: 3048-6807

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17950424

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Abstract:
This research addresses the critical issue of air pollution caused by particulate matter emissions from automotive exhaust systems by exploring the use of natural fibers, specifically jute and coir, as filtration materials. Traditional synthetic filters are effective but expensive and environmentally unfriendly, prompting the search for sustainable alternatives. A novel device inspired by a silencer was designed to reduce exhaust gas temperatures, preventing the burning of natural fibers. CFD simulations optimized the design, achieving a temperature reduction from 420°C to 150°C with a venture ratio of 1/3. Experimental tests using a 3D-printed prototype demonstrated that jute fiber absorbed 1 gram of particulate matter per 2 grams of talcum powder at a velocity of 47.75 m/s with 4 layers of fiber, while coir absorbed 0.75 grams under the same conditions. The device's design allows for easy maintenance and replacement of fiber plates, proving practical for real-world use. Testing confirmed effective particulate matter trapping with even deposition across fiber plates, and optimal absorption was achieved with an appropriate number of layers to avoid back pressure issues. This study presents natural fibers as a viable, cost-effective solution for reducing automotive emissions, with potential for further research on durability and scalability.

Keywords: Natural fiber, CFD simulation, sustainable development, experimental testing.

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